Foreshadowing, personification & symbolism

I never worked this hard when I was that age.

After completing the second draft of “Ordinary Life,” I spent two days mapping the manuscript for objects and ideas. Examples of objects are locks, Half Dome, and postcards. Examples of ideas are the virtue of courage, truth vs. lies, and having children. By ideas, I don’t mean the ideas I hoped to invisibly incarnate in the novel, but ideas that are part of my main character’s thoughts and experiences.

Foreshadowing

Foreshadowing is when the writer gives hints, clues, or warnings about events that will happen later in the story. There is only a smidgen of this in my novel. The method I used from the very first chapter was to simply write and have things appear. Those things could therefore bear fruit as the plot went on. For example, the novel begins with 16-year-old Lenny riding his ten-speed Gitane. The bike later became important in ways I hadn’t planned. I didn’t start with the bike to set up the important events later. Rather, the important later things could occur because there was the bike. Typically, foreshadowing happens because either you plan for that thing to occur and then insert a hint of it earlier or you have something major happen — like you discover your climax — and you realize you need to write those hints into an earlier part of the story as a set-up. My hope is that the things that happen later are surprising because they really were surprises to me and maybe they will surprise the reader as well.

Personification

Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. This novel is full of nonhuman concrete things. One example is Royal Arches in Yosemite Valley. The arches can be said to look like eyebrows. You could feel like they were frowning at you. I am a little ambivalent about this. I can think of three places where I personified. I think the test of whether to keep them or not is if my protagonist is the one who gives them that meaning. My intuition for this novel is to not be literary. This might disappoint English teachers when they teach this novel in high school. (That’s a joke.)

Symbolism

Symbolism is when something stands for an idea beyond itself. An example from The Great Gatsby is the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg. I think I want zero symbolism because while I want the novel to be full of ideas, they are to be incarnated in the details of the story, left for the reader to experience. In “Jack and the Beanstalk,” the magical beanstalk is not a symbol of man’s aspiration to be godlike. It’s just a way to get up in the cloud kingdom.

I think the novel will be done by the end of the week.


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